Strategy of Nematophagous Fungi in Determining the Activity of Plant Parasitic Nematodes and Their Prospective Role in Sustainable Agriculture

In this review, we supply a framework for the importance of nematophagous fungi (nematophagous [NF]) and their role in agricultural ecosystems. We characterize taxonomy, diversity, ecology, type NF, depending on interaction with plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs). described potential mechanisms NF control PPNs, efficiency methods utilization, use nematicides sustainable agriculture. explain utilization nanotechnology as new approach. are significant soil having effective These types belong to wide taxa groups, such Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, other groups. Diverse available different kinds soil, especially soils that contain high densities nematodes. There is relationship between environment NF. can be divided into two according affect direct or indirect effects. The effects include following: ectoparasites, endoparasites, cyst, egg parasites producing toxins, attack tools special devices. However, effect comprises groups: paralyzing toxins life cycle explained molecular determining suitable conditions brief clarified increasing efficacy highly impact agriculture ways: directly indirectly.